When was the Ottoman mosque within the Parthenon demolished?

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There were actually two mosques built within the Parthenon, the first was mostly destroyed when the explosion took place in 1687. The second mosque, which you are referring to is discussed in The Parthenon: From Antiquity to the Present, by Jenifer Neils. On page 324 it is stated that the small mosque had been damaged in sieges in 1821, 1826, and was finally

...removed in 1843 following the Greek War of Independence and the beginning of modern archeological activity on the Acropolis.

This coincides with what is mentioned in wikipedi on Independent Greece:

When independent Greece gained control of Athens in 1832, the visible section of the minaret was demolished; only its base and spiral staircase up to the level of the architrave remain intact.[103] Soon all the medieval and Ottoman buildings on the Acropolis were destroyed.

(emphasis mine)

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