What kind of religions did ancient aboriginals of Australia follow?
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First of, I must disclaim: I am not Aboriginal (or even an Aussie) in any manner and my knowledge of these things is superficial at best, but I do have a non-professional interest in myths and legends from around the world. I would love to see an answer from an Aboriginal person, though I suspect that this is one of those not entirely answerable questions.
The Aboriginal belief system is very very diverse, with over 900 different tribal groups, each with its own localized beliefs and traditions (and language too). My understanding is that there is no worship involved in the beliefs, only traditions and spirits.
The Aboriginal belief system does not incorporate gods. It is a belief system that involves a "creation" time (sometimes referred to as the "Dreamtime" or "The Dreaming"). The Dreaming seems to be a very complex mythology with creation, spirits, time, events all mixed together. It is even thought that the past, present and future are all part of the dreaming. During the Dreaming, spirit beings (which may be animal or "people" or just spirits) went around creating the world that you see today, the water, the rocks, the trees and plants, the animals etc. The spirits persist today and influence daily life - illness is attributed to bad spirits for instance. There are some common myths that are found in many, but not all, of the different Aboriginal Dreaming myths. The most well known of these is the Rainbow Serpent myth, which is a description of how the rainbow serpent created rivers/waterways in particular - water being a scarce resource in much of Australia.
There is no theism implied in the various religions, although the closest might be poly-theism. In the belief system, animals, locations and objects can have some spirituality or event associated with them, but it is not an overall worship or spirituality attributed to all objects (hence no pan-theism) Note that this is also not animism, though that belief system is perhaps the closest you could come to a "one size fits all" description.
In terms of poly-theism, as far as I can tell there is no worship of the spirit beings from the Dreaming specifically, only tales of what happened or is happening, so this doesn't seem to fit the description of poly-theistic religion.
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