Historical examples of an elected absolute monarch:

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This question is difficult because it is not clear what monarchy is absolute and whether such elected office should be called monarchy rather than something else (i.e., dictatorship).

One of the basic features of monarchy is inheritance of the office. As such, all elected monarchs are quite borderline cases.

That said, I can name the following cases upon whom you yourself could decide whether they suit your question.

  • In Ancient world it was common for one of the kings or princes of a military alliance to be elected as supreme military leader. Examples include Agamemnon who led the Achaeans in the Trojan war and Alexander the Great who was elected archistrategos on the Second Corinth Congress.

  • In Ancient world it was common that the leaders who traditionally translated as "kings" into modern English were elected. Examples include archons in Athens, archagestes in Sparta, rexes in Rome. Some of them initially were republican offices and later became life-long.

  • In Ancient Rome and Byzantine Empire the emperors were often elected this or that way.

  • In Holy Roman Empire the emperor was elected by prince-electors.

  • In medieval Poland the king was elected but it is doubtful whether this monarchy could be called "absolute" or even monarchy at all rather than a republic.

  • Sometimes election of a king happened in traditional monarchies when a dynasty ended. This happened in Russia with the election of Mikhail Romanov in 1613 by the boyar Duma.

  • The president of United Arab Emirates is the emir of one of the emirates and elected by other emirs.

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