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Question: What does the evidence show? Is there a date by which Andean potatoes were definitely present in Mexico?
No because Mexico is within the area of origin of the Andean potato. While there is no record of it being cultivated in Mexico until it was reintroduced by Europeans, wild Andean potato's actually originated in that part of the world including in Mexico.
Fun Facts about the Potato
The Inca Indians in Peru were the first to cultivate potatoes around 8,000 BC to 5,000 B.C. In 1536 Spanish Conquistadors conquered Peru, discovered the flavors of the potato, and carried them to Europe.
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Potato Facts, from International Year of the Potato 2008 The presence of wild potato plants in Mexico indicates that it lies within the potato's area of origin. However, some evidence suggests cultivated varieties were brought there by Spanish conquerors during the 1500s.