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I am going to be abroad studying in France and Spain over the course of a year, and am on long term medications that are extremely important for me to keep taking regularly at exact doses.
You should talk to your doctor about it. I'm not familiar with other two, but blood pressure medication requires periodic checkups as your body adjusts to it. It might be against the rules for your Dr to simply write you a 1 year prescription knowing you'd be away and without medical supervision.
Both France and Spain have English-speaking doctors. If the place you are attending to study attracts international students, they will surely be able to recommend some English speaking doctors. The prices are generally cheaper, and you might end up paying less for the medicine in those countries than your co-pay is here in USA.
unless foreign prescriptions are accepted at pharmacies
Prescriptions written by American doctors are not accepted in France, Spain or Germany. I tried.
Will France allow me to take a year's supply of medication into the country if I have the proper letters and notes of prescription from my doctors
Medicinal drugs for personal use may be imported in quantities sufficient for a 3-month treatment without prescription (or for longer than 3 months, with a prescription), provided they are carried in your baggage