Upvote:1
As a citizen of Argentine you are free to visit the Schengen area without a visa, since your country is on the Annex II list. You could therefore exit Spain and return without any issues. While the Spanish border guards might want to see your residency card, it's not really necessary for entry as they have access to the database of people with Spanish residency.
Source: being in the very same situation in the Czech Republic.