What was the dominant government system in the 1600s~1800s?
score:-2
- Limited Democracy
Something like the English parliament, with the franchise for the legislature (or just one chamber) extended to rich, male, respectable commoners. There might still be a monarch at the head of the executive, but the commoners have conquered the power of the purse. - Ideological Dictatorship
Either a theocracy, just without the established hierarchy (lay politicians or lower clergy control the mob through religious fervor), or something similar for secular reasons. Cromwell or the French Revolution. - Enlightened Despotism
A monarch with absolutist powers encounters enlightened philosophers and starts to rule in what he perceives to be the best interest of the citizens. The citizens are not consulted ... Catherine II of Russia, Frederick the Great of Prussia, arguably Peter the Great of Russia.
Upvote:3
I understand programming loves rules, but the real world is a messy place. Who says there has to really be only one dominant system?
That period you call out is also known as The Enlightenment, which was a time of great social experimentation, particularly with a new political concept called Liberalism*. Some nations were down with it, many weren't, but this is where the discussion was in Western countries.
Classic Liberalism is more of a spectrum than a boolean thing. What I often see done with the era is measuring a country's Liberalism level by the % of residents who had the right to vote. This can be misleading though, as some countries would try to placate the movement by giving citizens a vote in largely powerless assemblies.
The two poles in this view of society were "Liberal" and "Reactionary" (or if you prefer "Illiberal")
However, The Enlightenment was largely limited to Europe and European-peopled colonies abroad. Most of the world during this entire period went on with governments largely similar to those they had before.
* - We typically refer to this as "Classic Liberalism", to differentiate Enlightenment usage from common modern usage, which is rather different.
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