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The Arthashastra by L.N Rangarajan chapter XI.i. I quote
In recruiting ,Kautilya prefers an army of trained Kshatriyas or a large force composed of Sudras & Vaishyas;
In the preceding paragraph to the above quoted
The military forces described in the Arthashastra conform to thje classical Indian pattern of four wings-elephants,chariots,horses and infantry. However, in battle, each warrior on horseback was surrounded by six foot soldiers and elephants and chariots by five horse units. Infantry had archers as well as soldiers equipped with swords, spears and lances for hand-to-hand combat.
So the caste or the sociological background dictated the rank of the warrior whether infantry or cavalry etc and not the weapon of choice.
Also the question of how caste or social structures affected the battle or warfare in pre-medieval times or medieval times is well documented.