How prestigious was the medical profession given the inefficacy of most treatments?
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Respect for doctors rose when they began to follow the newer scientific methods rather than tradition. Western medicine improved with the spread of science, maths and medical knowledge etc into Europe from the Muslim world circa AD 1100. Prior to this medicine followed ancient ideas of Aristotle overlaid with doctrines of Roman Catholicism. The idea of actually examining the patient (sic!) was revolutionary.
As science uncovered the bacterial causes of infection and the importance of cleanliness treatments improved dramatically. I have a old British naval surgical manual circa 1680. Prior to amputations the first act in treatment was to administer the last rites! Your survival chances were not good.
In the days before effective anaesthesia the best surgeon was the fastest one: for example legendary surgeon John Hunter was in demand because of the amazing speed of his surgical interventions.
In older times naturopaths and herbalists were esteemed because their interventions were relatively quite benign compared to doctors and many patients recovered through natural self-healing anyway: the human organism is a self-repairing mechanism, if it fails you die!
The quality of doctor character seen in western movies would have varied from those properly trained in a good medical school of the day eg Edinburgh to complete charlatans.
I have an old Pharmaceutical Codex circa early 1900's. It is a large volume more than 1500 pages many treatments listed for myriad ailments. Some better than others in terms of effectiveness. But very few would pass muster today.
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