Upvote:5
The maps may have been made by the New Army, specifically the Military Survey and Mapping Academy. Quoting from a book by Nicolas Schillinger:
[M]ilitary reformers and New Armies leaders attached great importance to surveying, mapping, and cartography (cehui or celiang). The Detailed and Illustrated Manual, for instance, included a substantial chapter on military maps (cehui tushuo). Yuan et al. [1899] 1992, 991β1022. A central Military Survey and Mapping Academy (Cehui xuetang) was officially set up in February 1906, and numerous articles in a variety of military journals discussed the advantages of cartography and reprinted regulations concerning surveying ...