How were Icelandic bishops elected before the union with Norway?

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At least two processes were used, according to Byock's Viking Age Iceland.

Bishops were at sometimes elected at the Althing. This was the case for Iceland's first bishop, Isleif, in 1055; in 1056 he traveled to be consecrated by the archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen. Isleif's eldest son Gizur was also elected bishop at the Althing, and also traveled to be consecrated, this time at Magdeburg.

After the second bishopric was created at HΓ³lar, its first bishop Jon Ogmundarson was instead chosen "by the clergy and laymen of the Northern Quarter". He was consecrated in 1106 by the archbishop of Lund.

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The Vatican decides who becomes bishops, they were elected by the Vatican or people sent by the Vatican

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