Upvote:7
Once again Wikipedia to the rescue
For the first hundred years of the United States' existence as a country, government aid was practically nonexistent. It was generally considered that the Constitution did not authorize the government to use the people's money for foreign charity.
The quote goes on to discuss US foreign aid from WWI onward. Certainly US foreign aid accelerated dramatically in tandem with US involvement in/engagement with the rest of the world during the World Wars.
However, the situation is not so simple as that would make it sound.
If you want a more detailed answer, you could use OMB's summary of Federal outlays by year, which doesn't seem to list much before 1940.