Upvote:1
If you are traveling with a visa-required passport, you should apply for a Schengen visa in Russia. It should be issued free of charge as soon as possible and on the basis of an accelerated procedure (Article 5(2)). The airline won't board you without a visa or a residence card. You can try showing your German card, and that might work, but then again it might not.
If you have a visa-exempt passport, you do not need a visa or residence card; you can show your proof of relationship and so on at the border.
Upvote:1
Check with your local Bezirkshauptmannschaft if they will give you a temporary paper while your documents are being processed.
My wife is Russian and we live in Austria. During the waiting period for her permanent residence card, she got issued some paper that essentially said she has a residence permit, it's just not printed yet. We didn't need it, so no first-hand experience how it would go at the border.