score:4
This is a borderline opinion question...
Good impact: you have a history of performance which adds credibility to subsequent applications. This would be be enhanced if you notified the member state advising them that your permit should be voluntarily revoked. They love stuff like that and they will trust you more.
Bad impact: you were unable to complete the purpose of your stay, in many cases this is caused by unstable personal circumstances or your financial situation was not as strong as previously claimed. This decreases your credibility. They will look at your stuff more carefully next time.
Residence permits are not issued under Schengen regulations like visitor visas are, but by the individual member states and you did not identify which state issued your permit. If the member state needed you to report a change in circumstances or change of address, then you could be delinquent on that count. Hopefully you acquitted yourself of any reporting requirements (and also left no open invoices or abandoned leases).
If you are planning to apply for a Schengen that includes your family, you would want to take extra care to explain everything carefully and include an audit trail that supports your explanation. A residence permit followed by a Schengen for the whole family can raise alarm bells.
You edited to provide more detail on your specific case. Based on what you wrote, you'll be fine. I see no apparent problems in obtaining a Schengen with the remaining caveat that extra care is needed when a family is applying as visitors subsequent to a residence permit.