Upvote:4
No. You definitely need a type D visa (national visa) if you want to stay in other Schengen countries for more than 3 months. I am a citizen of Azerbaijan doing PhD in Germany. As part of the program, I needed to spend 1 year in Poland. Although I had 3 years of residence permit, I still needed to apply for a national visa of Poland.
Upvote:6
No, in the Schengen area, the length of stay is paramount. If it's under 3 months, you can go there without visa, even for studies. If it's above 3 months, you need a long-stay visa or residence permit from the country you are going to, no matter the purpose.