Are there any other "Delphic Temple"-like sites in the world?
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There is another ancient Greek religious site which meets the criteria of what you're describing. The Ploutonion at Hierapolis, a temple dedicate to Pluto/Hades, was build upon the entrance to a cave which emitted naturally occurring carbon dioxide. The local hellenes who built and maintained the temple thought the cave to be an entrance to the underworld. Priests of the temple are also believed to have conducted animal sacrifices by leading bulls into the cave beneath the temple (source).
Additionally there is some evidence that some of the 'Fire temples' built by Zoroastrians in Central and South Asia used naturally occurring combustible gas to maintain their "eternal flames". These fire temples with eternal flames turned into pilgrimage sites for Zoroastrians from all over Greater Persia. Examples 1, 2.
I'll update this if I find more examples of religious buildings being built in response to a naturally occuring gas source.
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Source: stackoverflow.com
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