Are there any good sources on the history of the name for Kazakhstan?
score:7
OK, there seems to be 3 distinct namings here, that need to be discussed separately.
First of all, the self-identified name. In Khazakh language, the official name of the country is "Қазақстан Республикасы", with a "k"; and it was always spelled that way.
In English, the correct answer is "it doesn't really matter". English frequently mangles the spelling of foreign names (e.g. Moskva is "Moscow"), and nowhere is it worse than with "k" and "h" combinations.
If you truly wish to know the "correct" English spelling (and bear in mind that it may differ from native language), you have several source choices, descending in the order of authoritativeness (but they all agree :) :
Khazakh's government English website http://en.government.kz/ calls it "Republic of Kazakhstan"
Wikipedia redirects from "Kazahstan" to "Kazakhstan"
Google maps calls it "Kazakhstan"
Google searches: "kazakhstan" 280M hits, "kazahstan" 120M hits; "khazakhstan" 1M.
A generally accepted resource in English is AP style guide. I personally put little stock in their opinions on things political, but as far as geography, they call it "Kazakhstan".
In Russian, the spelling DID indeed change historically, and that seems to be the kernel of the historical truth behind your quesion.
From Russian Wikipedia:
- Образована первоначально как Киргизская АССР в составе РСФСР 26 августа 1920 года со столицей в Оренбурге;
- В феврале 1925 года Оренбургская область была выведена из состава Киргизской АССР и передана РСФСР, а столица была перенесена в Кзыл-Орду (1925), потом в Алма-Ату (1929).
- В результате национально-государственного размежевания Средней Азии в 1924—1925 гг. все казахские земли объединились.
- Тогда же Киргизская АССР была переименована в Казакскую АССР. .... переименована в апреле 1925 года в Казакскую АССР (обратите внимание — не «КазаХская АССР», а именно «Казакская АССР»).
- 5 декабря 1936 года Казакской АССР был придан статус союзной республики с названием Казахская Советская Социалистическая Республика.
.
- Founded originally as Kirghiz ASSR within the RSFSR, August 26, 1920 [DVK's note: Russians called Khazakhs "Kyrgiz", as early as 1700s, to avoid confusion with "Cossaks"], with its capital in Orenburg.
- In February 1925 Orenburg region was removed from the Kirghiz SSR and the given to RSFSR, and the capital was moved to Kyzyl-Orda (1925) (then in Alma-Ata in 1929).
- As a result of the State Division of Central Asia in 1924-1925, all Kazakh lands were united.
- Then the Kirghiz SSR was renamed the Kazakhs ASSR. Renamed in April 1925 into Kazak ASSR [Wikipedia's note - not "the Kazah SSR", but "Kazak ASSR"].
- December 5, 1936 Kazas ASSR was given the status of a Union Republic with the name of the Kazah Soviet Socialist Republic.
So, the change from Khazak to Khazah in the name of the republic was 12/05/1936. Based on a date, it was part of passing 1936 Constitution of USSR, during VIII Extraordinary Congress of Soviets of the USSR.
"Kazak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic" Russian Wiki states that this 1936 rename was to avoid confusion with "Cossacs" (spelled "Kazak" in russian) but there's no supporting documentation linked.
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