When did Aurochs (large wild cattle) become extinct in Britain?
score:10
According to Five thousand years of livestock in Britain Biological Journal of Linnean Society (1989), 38: 31-37 :
There may also have been some interbreeding between domestic and wild cattle in Britain during the prehistoric period, but by 3000 years ago the aurochs was probably extinct (Clutton-Brock, 1986). The latest radiocarbon date for the aurochs is 3245 +/- 37 BP [BM-731] from the Bronze Age site of Charterhouse Warren Farm in Somerset (Burleigh & Clutton-Brock, 1977).
However, according to A Radiocarbon date for Bos primigenius from Charterhouse Warren Farm, Mendip Proceedings of the University of Bristol Speleological Society 1977, vol. 14, pages 255-257, the 3245 years before present (1295 BC) date was before correction for radioisotope fractionation, and after correction (quoting from page 256):
the real age is 3570 +/- 110 BP (1620 +/- 110 BC).
See also the more recent A record of the aurochs, Bos primigenius, from Morayshire The Glasgow Naturalist (2012) Volume 25, Part 4. This reference says that an auroch skull from Galloway has dated to within uncertainty of the Charterhouse Warren Farm auroch.
An even more recent article, for which I don't have full text access, is Disappearance Beyond Recall: A Social Context for Bronze Age Aurochs Extinction in Britain? Proceedings of the Prehistorical Society Volume 81, December 2015 , pp. 107-123. The abstract says:
The implications of pit-deposits containing aurochs/Bos primigenius skulls dating to the Bronze Age, found in two recent excavations in Bedfordshire are outlined. Involving a review of related findings in south-eastern England, these serve as a platform to consider the dynamics of aurochs extinction, which is held to have occurred in Britain by the middle–later centuries of the 2nd millennium bc.
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