What did the Greeks call their gods while under Roman rule?
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The Romans did not "inherit" the Greek gods. The Romans practiced the interpretatio romana whereby they identified foreign gods as being their own under different names, just as the Greeks practices interpretatio graeca.
Religiously, they tended to use their own terms in their own languages, although it was not unknown for a Roman in Greece to write an inscription commemorating a sacrifice to "Jupiter, whom the Greeks call Zeus." It was also not known for epithets to be transferred -- as the Egyptians called Thoth "Thrice Great", Romans and Greeks would refer to Mercury "ter Maximus" or Hermes "Trismegistus."
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Source: stackoverflow.com
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