Upvote:5
The answer would go something like this:
Civilisation means some kind of organised society in which humans live in close proximity to each other.
The humans, in the Freudian picture, are subject to internal drives, predominantly related to sex and generated by important figures such as mothers and fathers.
In civilisations such as that of Vienna drives had to be repressed to allow humans to coexist.
Repression required the superstructure of moral codes that forbid certain instinctive behaviours.
Older, complex cultures tend to have highly developed moral codes directing or forbidding instinctual behaviour.
Vienna was the centre of an ancient, complex culture with such a moral code.
Repressed drives, according to Freud, led to subsequent human reactions such as neuroses, obsessions or various dysfunctional behaviours which might appear irrational on the surface but were explicable in terms of his model.
The Viennese moral code applied rigid controls to bourgeois behaviour and thus created severe internal stresses and behavioural dysfunction.
Thus, the economic liberation of the proletariat projected by Marx is seen as analogous to the psychological liberation projected by Freud.
This is grossly oversimplified, grossly unfair to Freud who tried latterly to turn back some of the consequences [such as the wandervogel movement and the additional components of psychiatry added by his followers] and, I take the liberty of observing, utterly beyond disproof: no wonder Popper and his fellows regard it as completely βunscientificβ.