When was the first time lower-class people had a reasonable chance of having a fair trial?

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Accepted answer

Either never or in hunter gatherer days, depending on the meaning of your question.

The oldest recorded civilization is the Sumerians, which historians apparently claim practiced "fair trials".

http://www.angelfire.com/empire2/unkemptgoose/Sumerian.html

Preserved clay tablets reveal that the Sumerians maintained courts of justice where people could expect a fair trial. One table recorded the oldest murder trial in history.Most of the food production and distribution was controlled through the temple. A noble class arose based on land ownership, control of trade, and manufacturing. Most trade and manufacturing was outside the temple’s control.

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