Was the first paper mill in Germany built in Mainz or in Nürnberg?
score:3
In his essay Materials for Writing, and Forms of Books (available online in the 1978 History of Books and Printing edited by Paul A. Winckler), Falconer Madan reiterates the claim that a paper mill was established in Mainz, in 1320
. In Germany the first factories seem to have been established between Cologne and Mainz towards the end of the thirteenth century, and in Mainz itself about the year 1320.
In From Paper-Mill to Pressroom by William Bond Wheelwright and published in 1920:
The oldest-known document on cotton paper is a deed of King Roger of Sicily, dated 1102. It is probable that the famous mills of Fabriano sprang from Sicilian sources; their establishment was followed in 1360 by a mill in Padua, and later in Treviso, Bologna, Palma, Milan and Venice, while the first paper-mill of Germany was that of Ulman Stromer at Mainz in 1320.
At least one error in the preceding quote - Ulman Stromer was not the founder of an Mainz papermill in 1320, because: he was born in 1329, in Nuremberg, and kept a diary chronicling the founding of his Papermill in Nuremberg in 1390.
From Scribes, Script, and Books: The Book Arts from Antiquity to the Renaissance, by Leila Avrin [1991]:
In the fourteenth century, papermaking spread northward. By the 1320's there were mills in Cologne, Augsburg, and Mainz, and in 1390, Italian papermakers operated the Stromer Mill just outside Nuremberg.
Recap:
The provenance of Ulman Stromer's paper mill in Nuremberg, founded 1390, is well established from his (extant) diary. There are conflicting claims of earlier mills, in the Rhineland, predating Stromer's by 70 years; however I can find no corroborating evidence of these claims beyond vague references in 20th century documents. I will give the last word to The Gutenberg Museum in Mainz, who one might expect to have a bias (if at all) favouring a Mainz claim:
Documents tell us that the first paper mill in Germany was Ulman Stromer’s Gleismühl in Nuremberg which started manufacture in 1390.
Upvote:0
Wikipedia states that paper use in Europe originated in Islamic-controlled Spain in the 11th century, migrated to Christian Spain shortly afterward, France in the 12th century, and Italy in the 13th. From there, it made its way to Germany in the 14th century, Mainz in 1320, and Nurnberg in 1390.
The source cited for the "Mainz" claim is a 2002 paper written by Neathery Fuller. She is the wife of Archaeology lecturer Michael Fuller, and the two of them together won a Distinguished Service Award in 2009 given by the Archaeological Institute of America. Mrs. Fuller is a middle school teacher who leads summer archaeology field trips to Europe and Africa.
More post
- 📝 Did the Yuan Dynasty ever occupy Hainan?
- 📝 When during their construction did Bible-era Jewish temples become "holy"?
- 📝 How different were Labour and Conservative party lines on race immigration and empire in around 1962?
- 📝 Could women be crucified under Roman law?
- 📝 Were any Kings/Queens who were monarchs as children good rulers?
- 📝 Did the US military just kill more Russians in Syria than they ever did during the Cold War?
- 📝 Kingdom of Judah under Babylonian rule
- 📝 Why was Harry Truman chosen to be Vice President in 1944?
- 📝 Who is 'Ebinichibel' mentioned in the Borgia Map?
- 📝 What would have been the signal that Pontiac would have given to attack in Fort Detroit?
- 📝 The Needham Question: What stunted China's technological and proto-scientific advancement?
- 📝 What was the League of Sublime and Perfect Masters?
- 📝 What do the knight figures in the Kehlsteinhaus fireplace symbolize?
- 📝 Besides armed insurrection what other resistance was offered by American slaves?
- 📝 What autonomy did Bosnia lose when it was annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908?
- 📝 What benefit was there in executing Anne Boleyn instead of poisoning her and pretending she was ill?
- 📝 Stories from history of mercenaries who didn't get paid
- 📝 Is/were there cases of hazing and violence against younger conscripts in armies of Arabic countries?
- 📝 What was the combat effectiveness of German infantry in the western front of the Second World War?
- 📝 What is the earliest mention of space travel?
- 📝 Did the Roman legions wear this type of boots?
- 📝 Was it possible to "aim for the epaulette boys" during the Middle Ages?
- 📝 Why was Woody Woodpecker a "natural" hit during WW2?
- 📝 Why were type bar designs so popular compared to type ball/wheel designs for manual typewriters?
- 📝 Why was religion used as the basis of Turkey-Greece population exchange instead of language, ethnicity, etc.?
- 📝 Why was there a tradition attached to Crossbowmen?
- 📝 Why was decimal time unsuccessful?
- 📝 Why do the pyramids show less erosion than the Sphinx?
- 📝 How much time would it take to mobilize an army during WW2?
- 📝 Does anyone know the history on this artillery shell I found in my grandfather’s shed?
Source: stackoverflow.com
Search Posts
Related post
- 📝 Was the first paper mill in Germany built in Mainz or in Nürnberg?
- 📝 Who, if anyone, was the first astronaut to return to earth in a different vessel?
- 📝 What was the first solar eclipse that was demonstrably predicted in advance?
- 📝 Which religion was the first monotheistic one?
- 📝 Who was the first female ruler to be given the suffix, "the great"?
- 📝 What was the first battle in history fought by vast-majority-% "distance-shooting" non-mechanized force?
- 📝 What / When was the first use of concentration camps in history?
- 📝 How common was smoking in first half of the 20th century?
- 📝 Which was the first civilization to ban slavery?
- 📝 What was the first known war in history?
- 📝 What was the first successful mass tank battle of WW1?
- 📝 When was the American War of Independence first called a 'Revolution'?
- 📝 Which was the first war in which photography was employed?
- 📝 Was there a pre-determined arrangement for the division of Germany in case it surrendered before any Soviet forces entered its territory?
- 📝 Was there an increased interest in 'the spirit world' in the aftermath of the First World War?
- 📝 Who was the first woman ruler?
- 📝 What was used instead of toilet paper in the US and the UK prior to 1900?
- 📝 What was the first successful non violent independence movement?
- 📝 Was the Zimmerman Telegram a ruse on the US or a way of Germany to incite Mexico to declare war on the US?
- 📝 When was the concept of "weekly day off" first introduced in Indian Subcontinent?
- 📝 In the first half of 20th century, how was gold inspected for authenticity?
- 📝 Was the option of setting up a Jewish state in defeated Nazi Germany ever considered?
- 📝 Who was the first head of government to support same-sex marriage?
- 📝 Who was the last English king whose first language was French?
- 📝 In what language was the first Zionist congress in Basel in 1897 held?
- 📝 From 1936-45 what was the prescribed punishment in Nazi Germany for failing to join or participate in the Hitler Youth?
- 📝 When was the first electrical intra-battlefield communication?
- 📝 When was the first time Rome was mentioned in outside records (and specifically, in Greek ones)?
- 📝 Was the 1977 sale of a submarine to Indonesia controversial in Germany at the time?
- 📝 Was the Granny Smith Apple the first green skinned apple widely propagated?