Was Brown v Board of Education the only major decision that changed educational choice in America?
score:5
Brown overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) which established the legal precedent for "separate but equal". The NAACP brought suit in 5 cases (Briggs v. Elliott, Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County, Gebhart v. Belton and Bolling v. Sharpe) that were combined with Brown to be heard in the Supreme Court.
Prior to Brown, segregation cases tended to be dismissed in lower Federal courts on the basis of Plessy v. Ferguson. For example, there had been 11 other suits in Kansas before Brown that had been dismissed or lost.
Some cases did get to the Supreme Court though. Lum v. Rice (1927) held that the exclusion on account of race of a child of Chinese ancestry didn't violate equal protection. Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada (1938) and Sipuel v. Board of Regents of Univ. of Okla. (1948), while upholding Plessy, said that if a state did not provide a equal educational facility a minority student the student must be admitted to the whites only school.
You might find this timeline helpful: Court Cases in Prelude to Brown, 1849-1949
Upvote:2
Brown v. Board of Education was not really about education. The case was about whether facilities could be separate and equal. The Supreme Court held that separate but equal was "inherently unequal and inherently unlawful." So jfrankcarr is right to point out the segregation cases that led up to Brown, as well as the wealth of information from the Brown Foundation.
For Further Reading:
- A History of American Law @ pp. 526-528
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