How many customs houses were there in 1850 California?
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From: The Journal of San Diego History San Diego History Center Quarterly Summer Fall 2016, Volume 62, Number 3 & 4
David Lion Gardiner: A Yankee in Gold Rush California, 1849-1851:
Other new settlers had considerably more savvy. Gardiner spent a good deal of time in the company of Davis, Heintzelman, and John E. Summers, all of whom were “agreeable companions and sociably inclined.” They shared a desire to turn San Diego into a port of entry. Collector of Customs James Collier, meanwhile, was lobbying Congress to make San Francisco the only port of entry along the California coast. This would mean that cities like San Diego and Santa Barbara might pay as much as 300 percent more for imports due to the high rates of freight. Gardiner and his friends even talked about foiling Collier’s “selfish interests” by turning Southern California into a separate territory or state.
In 1850, Congress conceded port of entry privileges to San Diego and other coastal cities as a test before making a final decision. Ultimately, San Francisco was chosen as the only port of entry on the California coast. Gardiner petitioned his brother Alexander for assistance in having him appointed Collector of Customs for San Diego. Alexander was well connected politically and in touch with their brother-in-law, the former President Tyler. Although party politics were unlikely to influence the selection of officers in such a remote state as California, Gardiner still asked his brother to forward his request to Tyler who, in turn, could relay it to Millard Fillmore who had recently stepped from Vice President to President after the death of President Zachary Taylor. Gardiner emphasized, “You know I supported General Taylor’s election.” Failing in that attempt, he later asked Alexander to procure for him “some fat office here,” writing that he could not afford to take any government position that “did not pay well.”
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