What is the origin of the idea of "people's republics"?

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Russia was a multi-national empire, like Austro-Hungary or Turkey, and there were strong national liberation movements since the second half of 19 century.

When the Russian monarchy was overthrown, some of them immediately declared independence. The first people's republics were Ukraine (1917) and Belarus (1918). In the process of civil war, Russia conquered them, but it was impossible to conquer them by a brute force only, a compromise had to be found. And this compromise was a federal state consisting of "people's republics".

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