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Afro-Caribbeans are Caribbean people who trace their heritage to Sub-Saharan Africa [...] Between the 16th and 19th centuries, European-led triangular trade brought African people to work as slaves in the Caribbean on various plantations.
These Afro Carribeans are descendants of slaves. The slaves had no rights and a master of a slave may define the name of a slave. Especially if the master doesn't want to learn 'strange' names.
Indo-Caribbeans are Caribbean people with roots in India. They are mostly descendants of the original indentured workers brought by the British, the Dutch and the French during colonial times.
The Indo-Caribbeans arrived after the end of slavery at the West Indies. They were 'free' workers and an employer normally doesn't change the name of the employee.