If the Union Jack joins the flag of England and Scotland, why does it have a different shade of blue than the Scottish flag?
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Accepted answer
In 1606, people didn't have pantone guidelines to keep colours consistent - nor did it matter. Heraldry only has a limited number of colors. Variations on blue exist but are not standard, so any blue could be used.
It just so happened that the English were already using a blue, in the Blue Ensign being used by English ships. Wikipedia even suggests its darker colour was more durable:
Various shades of blue have been used in the saltire over the years. The ground of the current Union Flag is a deep "navy" blue (Pantone 280), which can be traced to the colour used for the Blue Ensign of the Royal Navy's historic "Blue Squadron". (Dark shades of colour were used on maritime flags on the basis of durability.)
Adapting the colours of the naval ensign made sense because the Union Jack was originally meant for naval use only. See the original decree:
Whereas, some differences hath arisen between Our subjects of South and North Britaine travelling by Seas, about the bearing of their Flagges...
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