Were any Biblical prophecies understood before they were fulfilled?

Eh? I don't know much about prophecy, but why would that be the case?

I grabbed one of the first sites that Google returned for "list of bible prophecies" just to get a few links, and can't imagine what your conversation partner might have meant.

To clarify, here are a few examples of prophecies, taken from the first few listed on the above site, that it seems anyone could understand at first glance:

• Isaiah 35:4-6
  • The blind would receive their sight, the deaf would hear, etc.
• Psalm 41:9
  • The messiah would be betrayed.
• Zechariah 9:9
  • Messiah would arrive riding on a donkey.
• How about Isaiah 53?
• Etc.

Of course, there are plenty that are difficult to interpret, and plenty that are downright otherworldly -- such as just about anything in Revelation -- but that's certainly not "all" of the prophecies in the bible.

Let's see...

• God told Noah to build an ark to save his family because God was going to destroy the earth with a flood. Noah built the ark, so he seems to have understood it.

13 And God said to Noah, “I have determined to make an end of all flesh, for the earth is filled with violence through them. Behold, I will destroy them with the earth. 14 Make yourself an ark of gopher wood. Make rooms in the ark, and cover it inside and out with pitch... 17 For behold, I will bring a flood of waters upon the earth to destroy all flesh in which is the breath of life under heaven. Everything that is on the earth shall die. Genesis 6:13,14, 17 ESV

• God told Abraham he would become the father of many nations. That's unambiguous.

When Abram was ninety-nine years old the Lord appeared to Abram and said to him, “I am God Almighty; walk before me, and be blameless, 2 that I may make my covenant between me and you, and may multiply you greatly.” 3 Then Abram fell on his face. And God said to him, 4 “Behold, my covenant is with you, and you shall be the father of a multitude of nations. Genesis 17:1-4 ESV

• God told Abraham that he would have a son through Sarah. That was pretty clear.

15 And God said to Abraham, “As for Sarai your wife, you shall not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall be her name. 16 I will bless her, and moreover, I will give you a son by her. I will bless her, and she shall become nations; kings of peoples shall come from her.” Genesis 17:15-16 ESV

• God revealed to Daniel and Nebuchadnezzar about the four world kingdoms to come. That was clear.

39 Another kingdom inferior to you shall arise after you, and yet a third kingdom of bronze, which shall rule over all the earth. 40 And there shall be a fourth kingdom, strong as iron, because iron breaks to pieces and shatters all things. And like iron that crushes, it shall break and crush all these. Daniel 2:39-40 ESV

• God told Moses to go to Pharaoh, because He would set the Israelites free with a mighty hand. Moses understood and went to Pharaoh.

Then the Lord said, “I have surely seen the affliction of my people who are in Egypt and have heard their cry because of their taskmasters. I know their sufferings, 8 and I have come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land to a good and broad land, a land flowing with milk and honey, to the place of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites. 9 And now, behold, the cry of the people of Israel has come to me, and I have also seen the oppression with which the Egyptians oppress them. 10 Come, I will send you to Pharaoh that you may bring my people, the children of Israel, out of Egypt.” Exodus 2:7-10 ESV

The list could go on and on.

Basically, there are some prophecies that are very clear. Other prophecies are not as clear. Sometimes the meaning gets obscured when we try to fit them into our own desires and plans.

Without doing too much digging and research I can think of one example.

In Matthew 2 the priests and teachers of the law knew that the Christ was to be born in Bethelehem as per their interpretation of the prophecy in Micah 5.

Matthew 2:3-6 (ESV)
3 When Herod the king heard this, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him; 4 and assembling all the chief priests and scribes of the people, he inquired of them where the Christ was to be born. 5 They told him, “In Bethlehem of Judea, for so it is written by the prophet:

6 “‘And you, O Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for from you shall come a ruler who will shepherd my people Israel.’”

Also in the Old Testament, dreams foretelling the future were interpreted prior to the events taking place. (Examples in the stories of Joseph and Daniel) However I'm not sure this falls under the category of official prophecy.