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Complementing Kris's and Nigel's answer, I'd like to add 2 resources; one is an answer to a similar question from gotquestions.org. Another is from an exegetical commentary on Philippians by Dr. Bob Utley. Commentary on the phrase "and bestowed on Him the name which is above every name" of Phil 2:9-11
“and bestowed on Him the name which is above every name” This special exalted name is “Lord” (cf. v. 11). The verb (echarisato) in v. 9 means “graciously given” as in 1:29. The term “Lord” is an allusion to the OT covenant name for God, YHWH (cf. Exod. 3:14; 6:3), which the Jews were afraid to pronounce lest they break one of the Ten Commandments (cf. Exod. 20:7; Deut. 5:11). Therefore, they substituted the name Adon, which meant Lord, owner, husband. Jesus, who came in the form of a servant, was returned to His cosmic Lordship (cf. John 17:5; Col. 1:15–20). “Jesus is Lord” was the public, personal confession of faith for the early Church (cf. Rom. 10:9; 1 Cor. 8:6; 12:3). Jesus of Nazareth is given the supreme title of deity (cf. Eph. 1:21 and Heb. 1:4).
In both of the above resources as well as in Kris's & Nigel's answer, the name is Lord (Greek Adon), which in the Old Testament as well as the New Testament signifies the God of Israel (there are countless texts where the same word is used for God).
This is the highest name (a.k.a title) that a being can have. God the Father gave this title & honor to Jesus because he was obedient to death, and not only raised him from the dead but also places him at his right hand side (another sign of honor; no other being is honored thus, higher than angels, see Heb 1).
Within the book of Philippians, the above phrase is part of an early Christian hymn that Paul quoted in his letter to the Philippian church (which he founded) to encourage them (and us) as Christians to emulate (see the larger context of Phil 2:1-11).
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Jesus Name, Jehovah is Salvation.
That's the name of Jesus, to point to God the Father at all time. Jehovah is Salvation.
YLT Luk 24:31: "31 and their eyes were opened, and they recognized him, and he became unseen by them."
Always not self but Jehovah, even His is God's Son.
YLT Gen 5:24: "24 And Enoch walketh habitually with God, and he is not, for God hath taken him."
Enoch (which means dedicated), no record of him except walketh habitually with God. God manifested not self, and God hath taken him.
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Christ is not some sort of "second name", but, however much Christians may have gradually disregarded this, a title, the Greek translation of the Hebrew word maschiah (from which Messiah) that means "anointed", implied king. As for Jesus, it is the English adaptation of the Hebrew name Yeshua, short for Yehoshua, which means “Yahweh saves”. That it was God who chose this name for His Son is confirmed by the words of the angel spoken to Joseph in a dream: "you will name him Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins" (Matt 1:21, see also Luke 1:31).
Jesus is made king by YHWH, and in his name there is salvatio in the name of his Father.
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The name that He is given of the Father is Jesus Christ.
Be it known unto you all, and to all the people of Israel, that by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom ye crucified, whom God raised from the dead, even by him doth this man stand here before you whole.
This is the stone which was set at nought of you builders, which is become the head of the corner.
Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved.
Acts 4:10-12
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It is Peter, the Chief Apostle, who first, publicly, declares that Jesus is 'Lord' and 'Christ'.
This Jesus hath God raised up, whereof we all are witnesses.Therefore being by the right hand of God exalted, and having received of the Father the promise of the Holy Ghost, he hath shed forth this, which ye now see and hear. For David is not ascended into the heavens: but he saith himself, The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, until I make thy foes thy footstool. [Acts 2: 35, KJV 1769.]
Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly, that God hath made that same Jesus, whom ye have crucified, both Lord and Christ. [Acts 2:36, KJV 1769.]
Born of the virgin Mary, the child in Bethlehem was named as the angel Gabriel had prescribed : Jesus. This name is a Greek transliteration of the name 'Joshua' which name, in turn, is fashioned from 'Jehovah' and the Hebrew word yeshua, meaning 'salvation'.
And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name JESUS: for he shall save his people from their sins. [Matthew 1:21, KJV 1769.]
The angel Gabriel so names Jesus, for 'he shall save his people from their sins'. And having done so, through suffering, death, bloodshed and resurrection, he was received up into heaven.
Ascended into heaven, as Peter declares in Acts, this same Jesus was made (and thence named) both Lord and Christ.
And it was given to the Apostle Paul, formerly Saul of Tarsus, a Pharisee, to first declare, publicly in preaching (see Acts 9:20) that the Lord Jesus Christ is the Son of God :
And straightway he preached Christ in the synagogues, that he is the Son of God. [Acts 9:20, KJV 1769.]
Privately, some had testified that Jesus is the Son of God, such as Nathaniel (John 1:49) and Peter (Matthew 16:16) and the Ethiopian eunuch (Acts 8:37), but it is Paul, the Apostle, who first, in scripture, makes such a public declaration, in public preaching, and names Jesus Christ as the Son of God.
Therefore, in his exaltation, Jesus is given a name - that is to say he is identified and titled - above every other name.
Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name:That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. [Philippians 2:9,10 KJV 1769.]
Those who name him appropriately, by the name Jesus and by the titles 'Lord' and 'Christ' and 'Son of God', bow the knee to him in so naming him.
Eventually, every knee shall bow to him . . . . to the glory of God the Father.
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According to Vine’s Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words, the Greek word translated “name” can refer to “all that a name implies, of authority, character, rank, majesty, power, [and] excellence.”
After Jesus completed his earthly sojourn he was exalted to the most highly favored position at his fathers right hand and given all authority in heaven and on earth.
This is seen in reading Phillipians 2:9-10
For this very reason, God exalted him to a superior position and kindly gave him the name that is above every other name,so that in the name of Jesus every knee should bend—of those in heaven and those on earth and those under the ground and every tongue should openly acknowledge that Jesus Christ is Lord to the glory of God the Father.
This scripture shows that “the name” Jesus received refers to the position of authority he was given by God. The actual name is still Jesus but his name now stands for so much more.
Insight on the scriptures says
Because of remaining faithful to the very death, Jesus Christ was rewarded by his Father, receiving a superior position and “the name that is above every other name.” (Php 2:5-11) All those desiring life must recognize what that name stands for (Ac 4:12), including Jesus’ position as Judge (Joh 5:22), King (Re 19:16), High Priest (Heb 6:20), Ransomer (Mt 20:28), and Chief Agent of salvation. —Heb 2:10;
Christ Jesus as “King of kings and Lord of lords” also is to lead the heavenly armies to wage war in righteousness. As executioner of God’s vengeance, he would be displaying powers and qualities completely unknown to those fighting against him. Appropriately, therefore, “he has a name written that no one knows but he himself.” —Re 19:11-16.
Like would be the case when a citizen is elected president he still has the same name but it now has a much different meaning. His name is now synonymous with his powerful position.