Is there any evidence that Romans viewed Christian teachings on sexual restraint as a liberating influence?
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"Are there patristic sources that suggest the introduction of sexual restraint was positively received by Rome?"
This question is a little too broad I think - what do you mean by received "by Rome"?
Clearly it WAS well received by many; since there were lots of converts.
Clearly it WAS NOT well received by many others, even to the days of Charlemagne who had multiple wives and concubines, and teaching it was ridiculed by pagan contemporaries.
A few things are clear - the teaching was revolutionary. Concubinage was well accepted as a perfectly good alternative to marriage when marriage was not possible (perhaps due to class). Sexual rights to one's slave was considered natural. The man of the house had life and death over the entire household.
Certainly the teaching was more appealing to women, than to powerful men.
It is hard to know how a "common man" reacted, but again, there were many converts.
So although I am not at the moment recalling any specific sources commenting on the issue, I am sure that the claim is historically defensible even without direct commentary.
NOTE - Rome was not a "morally decadent society" to the extent as described by some. We have lots of evidence of pagan "moral philosophers" that taught many "Christian" values. To claim otherwise would be to claim that God completely abandoned pagans.
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