According to Augustine, what's the difference between regenerate life and that before the fall?
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The OP links us to the above chart. Based on these categories, there is no difference between Pre-Fall Man and Reborn Man. However there is an important difference between Pre-Fall man and Glorified Man: namely the former can sin and the latter cannot. Whether Augustine himself would approve of the categories is another question. Of the person whom the chart calls "Reborn Man" Augustine says:
If God has regard to him, and inspires him with faith in God's help, and the Spirit of God begins to work in him, then the mightier power of love strives against the power of the flesh; and although there is still in the man's own nature a power that fights against him (for his disease is not completely cured), yet he lives the life of the just by faith, and lives in righteousness so far as he does not yield to evil lust, but conquers it by the love of holiness.
The OP also asks: "In which state was Christ the man while on earth?" Here we face a quandary, because if he was born without original sin and was "the last Adam" (1 Cor. 15:45) then he must have had the status of Pre-Fall Man. But we are told that he was tempted in the flesh by the devil, and he seems to have had moments of doubt, as at Gethsemane. If so he cannot have been in the status of Glorified Man (unable to sin). Herein lies the quandary, for this scenario seems to imply that Glorified Man is more complete in his union with God's will than the human Jesus was. However, this in in accord with orthodox Christology, which insists on a distinction between the divine and the human will in Jesus.
To answer the OP's questions directly: Jesus had the status of Pre-Fall Man. In Augustine's view, the difference between regenerate life and life before the fall is that the reborn Christian continues to struggle with the power of sin; but Adam, Eve and Jesus - being untainted with original sin - were less prone to succumb to any fleshly temptation.
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