What does the quote from the Old Testament in Luke 2: 23 refer to?
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The RSV (and KJV and Septuagint) goes on from the general statement of all first-born at Ex. 13:2 to the specific male first-born at 13:12, 13 and elsewhere. So, the dedication of Jesus at the Temple in Luke 2:23 is based on Scripture.
"Consecrate to me all the first-born; whatever is the first to open the womb among the people of Israel, both of man and of beast, is mine." Ex. 13:2
you shall set apart to the LORD all that first opens the womb. All the firstlings of your cattle that are males shall be the LORD's. Ex. 13:12
Every firstling of an ass you shall redeem with a lamb, or if you will not redeem it you shall break its neck. Every first-born of man among your sons you shall redeem. Ex. 13:13
Moreover, the Septuagint confirms this quote.
(as it is written in the law of the Lord, "Every male that opens the womb shall be called holy to the Lord") Luke 2:23
The first-born of thy sons thou shalt give to me. Ex. 22:29 Septuagint
that thou shalt set apart every [offspring] opening the womb, the males to the Lord, every one that opens the womb out of the herds or among thy cattle, as many as thou shalt have: thou shalt sanctify the males to the Lord. Ex. 13:12
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