How many times does the New Testament quote the Old Testament?
score:4
No authoritative answer to this question can be given, because New Testament authors did not explicitly mark all the places where they quoted or alluded to the Old Testament. Indeed, many of them probably would not have been able to do so even if they tried, since they had internalized the Old Testament text so thoroughly, and thus they adopted its language as their own.
As a result, researchers have broken down New Testament uses of the OT into categories like "direct quotation," "indirect quotation," "allusion," and "possible allusion," and, not surprisingly, they disagree on what fits into each category. So in the end, no two lists are the same.
That said, there are still some helpful resources that begin to tackle the question. The first one I'll mention is a free project from the Blue Letter Bible, "Parallel Passages in New Testament Quoted from Old Testament," which has the following goal:
The list contains not only the direct or indirect citations, but also the allusions which are particularly worthy of attention
Thus it will not necessarily contain all the quotes/allusions, just ones considered particularly noteworthy. A quick analysis of this list gives the following totals:
- Quotes: 302
- Allusions: 493
- Possible allusions: 138
- Total: 933
The second resource, a more in-depth one, is the book Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament, edited by Beale and Carson. It works through the entire New Testament, calling out many parallels between the NT and OT texts. Depending on your locale, you may be able to preview parts of this work for free on Google Books.
One final caveat: Besides the aforementioned difficulty in compiling such a list, both of the resources mentioned here come from Protestant sources, and thus will not typically take note of references to any deuterocanonical books recognized as part of the Old Testament by Catholics and Eastern Orthodox. Thus if such references are also desired, these sources will be incomplete in that respect as well.
Upvote:1
This question is somewhat of an anachronism, as the New and Old testaments were not compiled until about 400 AD. At the time the events of the New testament took place, some volumes of scripture in common use were the Tanakh, and the Septuagint. These were some of the works that Jesus and the disciples referenced.
There are over 200 references made in the New Testament to scriptures, prophecies and writings of the prophets, lists of these references can be found from multiple sources online, but there are other writings referenced in the New Testament that no longer exist, such as some prophecies of Enoch, which were known to Jude (Jude 1:14-15).
There are numerous references in the Old Testament as well to "lost books".
If you want to get a sense of how many cross-referable verses there are in the New Testament, you can use a resource such as this one.
Upvote:1
The site of R. Grant Jones, whose purpose is to show the preference for the Septuagint (LXX) text over the Masoretic text in NT quotations of the OT, provides a list of all such quotations, in NT order:
http://www.geocities.ws/r_grant_jones/Rick/Septuagint/sptableNT.html
The text of the quotes, also in NT order, can be found on another site:
http://www.kalvesmaki.com/LXX/NTChart.htm
Grant Jones provides also a table which gives the total number of quotations of the whole OT and of each OT book, in the whole NT and in each NT book:
http://www.geocities.ws/r_grant_jones/Rick/Septuagint/spexecsum.htm
The above page has another table indicating the number of quotations which differ in meaning from the LXX (in total: 22.5 over 320). This second table is complemented with a table on another page indicating the number of quotations which differ in meaning from the Masoretic text (101.5 over 320):
http://www.geocities.ws/r_grant_jones/Rick/Septuagint/sphebrewagrmt.htm
More post
- 📝 What scholarship exists behind the WikiSource translation of the Bible?
- 📝 Do any Christian groups sell all their possessions as it seems the Early Church did?
- 📝 Is choosing to commit sin a possibility in Heaven?
- 📝 What is the definition of ancestral sin from the perspective of Eastern Orthodox?
- 📝 What makes a confession sacramental?
- 📝 Is there a book that details what the popes said against reformation leaders?
- 📝 Why does God choose the tiniest paintbrush to do his detailed work?
- 📝 In the USA today are there congregations who still follow in the footsteps of J C Philpot?
- 📝 Is it possible to be a good Christian and be psychic at the same time?
- 📝 How has the ontological argument been used to explain the Trinity?
- 📝 According to Catholic teaching, what is the status of a priest who does not agree with the Church's stated teachings on h*m*sexuality and gender?
- 📝 My question is for Biblical Unitarians and is based on their website as it relates to Philippians 2:6-8
- 📝 Is life hereditary?
- 📝 Sodom and Gomorrah and God's judgement in the Christian age
- 📝 Are there published testimonies from former Zen Masters or advanced Buddhist Monks in general about their conversion to Christianity?
- 📝 How do Nontrinitarians justify accepting the canon of Scripture but rejecting the Trinity?
- 📝 Do Catholics believe that unbaptized Protestants go to heaven?
- 📝 What is the biblical meaning of "believe"?
- 📝 Why do some people say that the angels wanted to preach the gospel?
- 📝 Why couldn't a person in the OT be both priest and king?
- 📝 Where was Jesus's soul during the three days of His death?
- 📝 Total Depravity vs the Rich Man
- 📝 What is the difference, if any, between elders and priests in the LDS church?
- 📝 Did the Early Church believe in the perpetual virginity of Mary?
- 📝 What does Jehovah's Witnesses canon say about the United States, if anything?
- 📝 What is the "eschatological tension"
- 📝 How do Catholics explain the apparent inconsistency between Mary's not experiencing labor pain and Rev 12:1-6?
- 📝 What do non-trinitarians mean when they call Jesus the "Son of God"?
- 📝 How do Unitarians understand the argument from God and love?
- 📝 "The weak shall be cut down by their peers"
Source: stackoverflow.com
Search Posts
Related post
- 📝 How many times does the New Testament quote the Old Testament?
- 📝 Does the New Testament override the Old Testament?
- 📝 How does the New Testament define a Christian and a non-Christian, a brother in Christ and not a brother in Christ?
- 📝 How many laws from Old Testament are still valid in New Testament?
- 📝 How many New Testament Manuscripts do we have from the period between the first century and the fourth century?
- 📝 How does the Catholic church deal with the differences between the God described in the old and new Testaments?
- 📝 Does the New Testament have any mention of Kolob and if not, how come?
- 📝 How many different people in the New Testament are called or claim to be "Brothers" or "Sisters" of Jesus?
- 📝 How many prophecies in the Old Testament are about Jesus?
- 📝 How many non-decalogue commandments from the Old Testament are still morally binding for Christians?
- 📝 What does the quote from the Old Testament in Luke 2: 23 refer to?
- 📝 Does the bible command us to pray three times a day or how many times a day we should pray?
- 📝 How many authors wrote the Old and New Testament?
- 📝 Does the New Testament disregard the Old Testament?
- 📝 How many commandments in the New Testament are in the imperative in the Greek?
- 📝 How many hours does Jesus speak in the New Testament?
- 📝 How were the books of the New Testament chosen?
- 📝 Does the New Testament mention Christians worshipping the Holy Spirit?
- 📝 Was casting out of demons done in the Old Testament by any Prophets or was it started in the New Testament?
- 📝 How many 'Books' never made it to the Bible (Old and New Testament)?
- 📝 Does the Old Testament law prohibit marriage among step siblings?
- 📝 Does the Christian Old Testament have the exact same list of books as the Jewish Bible?
- 📝 How many New Testament manuscripts do we really have?
- 📝 How does Christianity deal with biblical criticism related to the Old Testament?
- 📝 Why does the Old Testament never mention unclean spirits and demon-posessed people?
- 📝 How does our work on this earth transfer into the new earth when God returns?
- 📝 How was the Old Testament compiled?
- 📝 Does the Old Testament foretell the time in history in which the Messiah would come (the first time)?
- 📝 Where does the Old Testament mention "the devil"?
- 📝 What in New Testament invalidates God’s commandments from the Old Testament?