According to Catholicism, does God actively cause suffering in Hell?
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Souls who die in mortal sin are actively punished, but others (e.g., those in the limbo for children, who died with original sin and no actual sin) are only passively punished (because deprived from the Beatific Vision).
St. Augustine writes (Enchir. xciii):
The punishment of children who die in none but original sin is most lenient.
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