Upvote:5
Except some very specific documents (like those issued to people who applied for asylum so that they can wait for a decision), almost all visas or residence permit from Schengen area countries (which includes Belgium, France, and Germany) allow the holder to enter all other countries in the area.
Concretely, you will need to apply for a German short-stay Schengen visa and that visa will also automatically cover transit in France and Belgium.