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No, you don't need a transcript. Here is the list of the requirements from the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement website:
- A Form I-20, endorsed for travel and signed by your DSO
- You have been out of the United States for less than five months
- A current passport valid for at least six months after the date of your reentry or, if you are from one of the countries listed below, a passport that is current through the date of entry
- A valid, current visa or you traveled to contiguous country or adjacent island for less than thirty days
- Financial information showing proof of necessary funds to cover tuition and living expenses
If you are from a visa exempt country, you do not need a visa to reenter the United States from the western hemisphere, but make sure that you present your I-20 to be admitted as an F-1 student and not a visitor.