Upvote:5
Yes, you need a visa.
France does not even participate on the multilateral European agreement on visa-free travel for refugees; Canadian refugee travel documents are right out.
(Note that whether refugees need visas is a point that is not harmonized at the Schengen level, so each member state sets its own rules. Still, if you get a visa, it will be a uniform short-stay Schengen visa giving access to the whole area, unless there's a particular reason to issue one with limitd territorial validity).