Overstay schengen visa on ground of emergency?

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Short answer: Yes, she will be able to visit Schengen again, but more questions may arise on your mothers' next visit

Long answer:

There are clear regulation and guidelines on whether a traveler is granted or refused a visa in the Schengen area.

The following conditions might result in Visa refusal of an EU Member State:

A visa is refused if the applicant:

  • presents a false travel document;
  • gives no justification for the purpose and conditions of the intended stay;
  • provides no proof of sufficient means of subsistence for the duration of the stay nor for the return to his/her country of origin/residence;
  • has already exhausted the 3 months of the current 6-month period;
  • has been issued an alert in the Schengen Information System (SIS) for the purpose of refusing entry;
  • is considered to be a threat to the public policy, internal security or public health of one of the Member States;
  • provides no proof of travel medical insurance,
  • if applicable; presents supporting documents or statements whose authenticity or reliability is doubtful.

In this case the relevant points (marked bold) can be broken down easily.

  • You did not specify how long your mother visited you, but without having to apply for a longer term visa she cannot exceed the 3 month stay per 180 days limit. I do not expect this to be an issue but included it for the sake of completeness.
  • It is very unlikely that your mother has been flagged for future refusal, especially as you indicated that border patrol did not mention anything upon departure. If this would have been the case border patrol has the obligation to inform you.
  • Given there might be a comment on her record of overstaying visa period, yet justified by medical reasons, the next time more questions and proof of a valid health insurance policy might be requested.

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