score:13
I can't imagine any reason why you could not.
Playing poker for money in the US may or may not be legal, depending on the state and the details of your game (I am not a lawyer so cannot advise you on specifics). But the chips themselves are perfectly legal. You can buy them at any game store, or the game section of a large store like Target.
High quality poker chips are heavy, and airlines limit the weight of your luggage, so make sure you are under their limits to avoid steep extra fees. You may want to consider just buying a new set in the US.