After World War II, what happened to the Soviet industrial facilities that had been evacuated?
score:14
Surprisingly, the process of return (re-evacuation) is not that well studied. I could find a couple of dissertations (mostly focussed on people migration than industries per se, but they are closely linked), all in Russian. My brief take is this:
There was a small wave of re-evacuation from as early as December 1941, right after the Battle of Moscow, primarily for the Moscow industries.[1] These factories were generally re-established.
An overwhelming majority of factories remained in the East (primarily in the Urals) after the war.[2] Some data for the Chelyabinsk region (southern Urals): 178 facilites were evacuated there, of them 155 heavy industries. By 1946, only 10 were re-evacuated.[3]
Most of the "original" facilities were also restored, and were initially supplied (starting from 1943) with the "excess" equipment that couldn't be deployed at the relocated facilities.[3] This was rather in the form of "economic assistance" rather than official re-deployment.[1][3]
Most evacuated people were eager to get back. Authorities tried to prevent it, even after 1945, but the majority returned, by hook or by crook, leaving the factories to the (generally less educated) local workforce (as well as to the migrants from the Central Asian republics and prisoners[3]). Still, even by 1948, more than 65000 evacuated people remained in the Urals alone and were unable to move.[1][2]
[1] Marina Potyomkina, Processes of evacuation and re-evacuation, and the evacuated population in the Urals in 1941-1948, Doctor dissertation, 2004.
[2] Vadim Shuvalov, Evacuation was hard, but return was harder (interview with Marina Potyomkina).
[3] Artyom Churikov, Management, manufacturing and social problems of evacuation and re-evacuation of heavy industries in Chelyabinsk Oblast (1941-1946), Ph.D thesis, 2011, synopsis.
Upvote:4
I can see why you asked this question, there is frustratingly little information about the redispersion of industry following the end of WWII. I did find some information regarding the city of Novosibirsk in Siberia. It grew rapidly during the war and continued to grow rapidly after the war. That is because Novosibirsk received a good number of relocated factories (and refugees) during the war. These factories seemingly stayed put and the people who followed them also stayed. The USSR invested in new infrastructure and institutions in the city to cope with the boom that started during the industrialization period before and during WWII.
I can assume that this probably also took place in other similar cities in the Urals and the East. We can also probably assume that some of the factories were relocated back into the newly occupied and created Soviet territories as part of the rebuilding efforts after the war. As for hard evidence, the info about Novosibirsk is a good one to point to.
I hope this helps.
References:
Upvote:7
In many cases, but not in all cases, the result was 2 factories instead of one: one on the original place, another at the place where the factory was moved. For example, Kharkiv tractor plant was moved in 1941 first to Stalingrad, and then to Rubtsovsk (Pубцовск) near Barnaul. After re-occupation of Kharkiv, the main part moved back to Kharkiv, while Barnaul obtained a new tractor plant. Both still exist.
More post
- 📝 Did they use nicknames in ancient Rome?
- 📝 What is the main difference between an Emperor, a King, a Char, a Sultan, a Dictator, a Dynast and a Tyrant?
- 📝 What were traffic lights like in the USSR?
- 📝 Why did the UK allow India to be a republic rather than a democratic parliament under the British Monarch?
- 📝 Is Himmler's memo about genocide authentic? Significant?
- 📝 Maximum speed of communication prior to Trans-Atlantic Cable?
- 📝 What was the ancestor of VAT called?
- 📝 When in September 1939 did the British diplomatic mission leave Warsaw?
- 📝 Why did Argentina invade the Falklands when they did, rather than wait for the pending sale of the UK aircraft carriers to complete first?
- 📝 Has anyone ever named a war after their own country or faction?
- 📝 Why was Patriarch Nikon removed from power?
- 📝 Was Pericles the only famous loss from the plague in Athens?
- 📝 Why does the First World War (WW I) play such a minor role today compared to Second World War (WW II)?
- 📝 Is there a general term for epicycles, deferents, and eccentrics in Ptolemaic astronomy?
- 📝 What were the rights of various classes of people in the Roman Republic?
- 📝 What degree of choice did slaves have over their sexual autonomy?
- 📝 Why did English become Lingua Franca of the modern world?
- 📝 Did Christopher Columbus ever have any direct contact with the Genoese colonial Aegean region?
- 📝 Who is depicted in this Soleimani propaganda image?
- 📝 Why did the jews leave Israel and spread out through the world?
- 📝 Is there a Chinese Intelligence Agency? Why is it not well known?
- 📝 Why did anti-Chinese riots occur during the Indonesian Reformation of 1998?
- 📝 Livery and Barons
- 📝 Tolstoy's view of history
- 📝 No prosecution for retaliatory mass murder after Maurice Rose's killing?
- 📝 Was Textile Armour More Effective at Stopping Arrows than Mail?
- 📝 Should you be pedantic about the clerical errors you see in a History reference book?
- 📝 When did *wooden* 'nails' (pegs) for clay roof tiles go out of fashion?
- 📝 What constituted citizenship in the year of Jesus birth?
- 📝 Why were there no nuclear detonations in 1959?
Source: stackoverflow.com
Search Posts
Related post
- 📝 After World War II, what happened to the Soviet industrial facilities that had been evacuated?
- 📝 What was the ratio women to men after World War 2 in the Soviet Union
- 📝 What did Germany do in World War II about the different rail gauge in the Soviet Union?
- 📝 What was the reason for Soviet troops to withdraw from Yugoslavia in World War II?
- 📝 What did Germany do after World War II to recover so successfully that it became more prosperous than its WW2 victors?
- 📝 Why did the Soviet Union not "grant" Inner Mongolia to Mongolia after World War Two?
- 📝 Is it true that there were American POWs in Soviet captivity after the Second World War?
- 📝 What were factors that led to a decline in bond yields during World War II given that the opposite should have happened?
- 📝 What happened to the holders of German war bonds after WW1?
- 📝 What was the death rate of Germans outside Germany's post war border after World War 2?
- 📝 What was the fate of most SS members after World War II?
- 📝 What is the source of the claim that Enigma codebreaking efforts shortened the Second World War by years and saved millions of lives?
- 📝 How did a criminal trial in the Soviet Union work after World War 2?
- 📝 What were the main reasons that the Industrial Revolution happened in Great Britain?
- 📝 Why didn't Imperial Japan attack the Soviet Union during World War 2?
- 📝 What are the factors that caused the new world civilizations to be less technologically advanced than the old world?
- 📝 Were there any Germans in Japan after the surrender of Germany in May, 1945 and if so, what happened to them?
- 📝 What was the longest a World War II submarine stayed at sea without being resupplied at a port?
- 📝 What happened to US's Lend-Lease machinery given to the Soviet Union?
- 📝 What tactical situations made the use of traditional horse cavalry effective in World War II?
- 📝 What were the post World War 2 effects on Germany?
- 📝 Could the Soviet Union have continued fighting World War II without Caucasus oil?
- 📝 What was the liquor that was based on petrol which was produced in the USSR during the Second World War?
- 📝 Did Emanuel Lasker write a book declaring that Germany had to win World War I if civilization were to be saved?
- 📝 What happened to all the nuclear material being smuggled after the fall of the USSR?
- 📝 What factors related to the Eastern Crisis contributed to the outbreak of World War 1?
- 📝 What happened to the Wehrmacht after the German surrender?
- 📝 What is the reason that not all roman emperors named a month after them?
- 📝 What is the name and meaning of a World War 2 CCC Medal with both the Polish Eagle and British Statant Gardant Lion?
- 📝 What were the factors that caused the world to move away from the Gold Standard in the 20th century?