Was early Sumerian civilization wiped out by a flood?
score:17
SUMERIAN CULTURE IN MESOPOTAMIA:
It is important to note that the Sumerian people did not migrate to Mesopotamia until after about 3250 BC near the end of the Uruk Period.
… After about 3250 BC, another people migrated from its homeland, located probably northeast of Mesopotamia, and began to intermarry with the native population. The newcomers, who became known as Sumerians, spoke an agglutinative language unrelated apparently to any other known language. In the centuries that followed the immigration of the Sumerians, the country grew rich and powerful. …
The 3rd millennia proved to be very challenging in terms of finding historical documentation relating to specific Sumerian cities (as this timeframe is often considered Pre-History). That being said, it does seem that archaeology has provided us with some clues as to how often flooding occurred. There are several large clay deposits, which can be dated to several periods, varying from the Late Ubaid period (in Ur) to the Early Dynastic III period (Kiš). Devastating floods were not unheard-of during the first half of the third millennium BCE. The rivers sustained life in Mesopotamia, but they also destroyed it by frequent flooding.
I believe the best place to start would be archaeological evidence. For this we begin with Sir Charles Leonard Woolley. Woolley was a British archaeologist best known for his excavations at Ur in Mesopotamia. He is considered to have been one of the first "modern" archaeologists, and was knighted in 1935 for his contributions to the discipline of archaeology. Woolley does appear to try to tie together ancient "stories/tradition" with his archaeological finds. For the purposes of my answer I am staying away from this portion of his research as this is where things get very tough in regards to accuracy and factual evidence. Regardless, it does appear that the city of Ur did experience a dramatic flood around 3100 BC during the Uruk Period (ca. 4000 to 3100 BC). The clay deposits found by Woolley were 3.75 meter thick. This is to say that post flood at least (likely much more) 3.75 meters of sediment was found in the area. For that much sediment to be laid down you could expect that said flood consisted of a lot of water. However, this flood (much like the others that followed) does not seem to have been a "world" flood. In this particular case no archaeological evidence of flood residue, of the same time period, was found just 23 kilometers (12 kilometers depending on source) from the city of Ur in the Sumerian city of Eridu. Note: Ur was established during the Ubaid Period ca. 6500 to 3800 BC (Sidenotes: Ubadian Culture & meaning of Ubaid).
Woolley's team found evidence of several more floods. The city of [Kish (Kiš)],17 which would have been occupied during the Jemdet Nasr Period (3100 -2900 BC), experienced large-scale flooding. Also, archaeological evidence of flooding was found in the Sumerian city of Shuruppak (Shuruppag/Šuruppak) which would have been occupied during the end of the Early Dynastic I period (c. 2750), and also in the city of Uruk during the beginning of the Early Dynastic I Period. Note: This flood was not during the the Uruk Period, but the city of Uruk was still occupied. Lastly Woolley's team also found archaeological evidence for another flood in Kish during the Early Dynastic III Period (c. 2450 BC).
SUMMARY:
As previously stated "this timeframe is often considered Pre-History" therefore it is very difficult to suggest, aside from using "stories/tradition", that any of the above mentioned floods "wiped" out any one of the Sumerian cities mentioned above. However, it would be accurate to suggest that due to the archaeological evidence that the flooding was indeed significant. Thus, one could say that possibly a city or cities underwent dramatic change post flooding. One may even suggest that one or more of these floods were reasons for the "changes of power" resulting in "new periods" though this would likely be considered conjecture.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION NOT ORIGINALLY INCLUDED DUE TO POSSIBLE CONJECTURE:
I find the following passage very interesting, however, I could not find verification outside of Sumerian tradition. And in this case it is very unlikely that any archaeological evidence can be found.
The delta could only be made habitable by large-scale irrigation and flood control, which was managed first by a priestly class and then by godlike kings. Except for the period 2370-2230 B. c., when the Sumerian city-states were subdued by the rulers of Akkad , the region immediately to the north
Map of Ancient Mesopotamia:
Upvote:0
Ireland.
I too am interested in any references to floods, deluges, inundations etc., which may have occurred circa 5,000 years ago,and that is how I arrived at this site.
Some years ago,I read an interesting book called; IRELAND-THE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE BRITISH ISLES (1978) by G.L.Herries Davies (Professor of Geography at Trinity Dublin) and Nicholas Stephens(Professor of Geography University of Swansea). I will quote verbatim some passages from above book/text-book. (page 185)
...The tombolo stands at 4m above mean sea level,and at Sutton the shingle rests upon a kitchen-midden containing charcoal with a 14c age of 5,250 + or - 110 years B.P. The maximum of the transgression is clearly younger;further evidence at Sutton and from Dalkey Island,indicates regression by stages from the 4m line.].....and further down the page....[at Leamore a barrier beach-bar may have been breached about 5,000 years B.P.,resulting in a marine incursion across the site of the present coastal marshes to a height of 3.75m above mean sea-level]...
Interesting that the figure 3.75m appears again from a totally different source. My own view is that stagnant water 3.75m deep,away from the main river flow as could have happened at Ur,could over a long period,leave clay deposits 3.75m thick.On the other hand Eridu,being further from the original river bank and probably on higher ground would not be affected by a 3.75m marine incursion.
Upvote:11
Every 1000 years or so you can expect a large "1000-year-flood" near large rivers. So it shouldn't shock anybody if the first few millenia of Sumer's history might have included one or two such big flood events. It is a floodplain, after all. Periodic floods were what make agriculture productive enough to create their culture there in the first place.
There were some rather larger "flood" events which happened during human prehistory, cheifly due to rising sea levels as the glaciers melted at the end of the last Ice Age. For example, before about 5.3MYA sea levels were below the level needed to connect the Mediterranian Basin and the Atlantic. When they got high enough one fine day, there was what they call The Zanclean Flood. It is speculated that until about 5600BCE a similar situation existed with the Black Sea at the Bosphorous, and then (again, it is speculated) a similar Great Flood happened there. That is not too far away, in either time or distance, from ancient Sumeria. Close enough that a dim memory of such a thing might have persisted in oral traditions (particularly if it happened to be a really good story).
Personally, I think it more likely it is just an enhanced memory of a large, but otherwise mundane, river flood.
More post
- 📝 Did American policymakers seriously consider scaling down Lend Lease Aid to the Soviet Union after the battle of Kursk?
- 📝 Which bank was the oldest surviving bank in the world prior to MPS getting that status?
- 📝 Was a Žaltys a real snake?
- 📝 How could an Englishman be forced to fight for Austria-Hungary against his will during WW1?
- 📝 What is this metallic object with teeth in mouth, screw to tighten and a handle?
- 📝 In what European countries did non-hereditary nobility exist? (XVII-XIX centuries)
- 📝 Why do schools in Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea use the Westminster Quarters as school chime?
- 📝 When did we discover air?
- 📝 Did Sultan Mehmet IV defeat a Persian champion in single combat?
- 📝 Is Caesar's birth year more certain now than it was when disputed by Mommsen?
- 📝 Where did the Greeks look for descendants of the Byzantine dynasties?
- 📝 What, if any, futurists that went to war actually denied the movement later?
- 📝 Why didn't France do a better job of "politically" protecting franc-tireurs during the Franco_Prussian War?
- 📝 What happens if a vassal inherits not under the control of their sovereign?
- 📝 How was George III able to appoint William Pitt as his Prime Minister?
- 📝 Did Crimea and Russia exchange Ukraine for the Taganrog region?
- 📝 Could the Soviet Union have supported Czechoslovakia primarily by air in 1938?
- 📝 What historical evidence is there for the existence of Jesus Christ? What do we know about him?
- 📝 Why was Europe so technologically and culturally advanced?
- 📝 How were state-level suspects identified prior to photography?
- 📝 During the Siege of Alesia, why were certain Roman forts located outside the circumvallation lines?
- 📝 Was there ever a type of powered model car/vehicle racing, where the cars were in no way controlled, and were all on the one single shared track?
- 📝 Army formation: veterans at the first line
- 📝 What were the EMP effects, if any, of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
- 📝 Where can I buy a tank trap?
- 📝 Why did Mussolini say that people are not really free if they don't have access to the ocean?
- 📝 Why didn't mercenary combat after the middle ages lead to the collapse of the ruling class?
- 📝 What is the origin of the stereotype that Polish people lack intelligence?
- 📝 Are there ancient Greek historians who wrote about Mycenae?
- 📝 When were confederate veterans barred from office and voting after the civil war?
Source: stackoverflow.com
Search Posts
Related post
- 📝 Was early Sumerian civilization wiped out by a flood?
- 📝 Why did archery not make a comeback when armor was phased out in the 18th century?
- 📝 Was slavery really on the way out in the antebellum USA?
- 📝 Was the concept of religious freedom in the early United States applied to native American faiths?
- 📝 Why was the Red Army successful against the Japanese in 1939 but perform poorly against Finland 1939-40 and early part of WW2?
- 📝 Which was the first civilization to ban slavery?
- 📝 Why was the Cold War carried out over the whole world instead of between Siberia and Alaska?
- 📝 Was the British Army a millionaire factory in the early 20th century?
- 📝 In WWII, what was behind the very early decision to accept nothing but unconditional surrender in 1941-42?
- 📝 What was the process of early medieval urban development?
- 📝 What was the situation of h*m*sexuals in the early Soviet Union?
- 📝 Was being in the KKK politically/socially acceptable in early 1900's American South?
- 📝 Why was the Gilgamesh flood tablet such a sensation?
- 📝 What was life expectancy in early medieval Britain?
- 📝 What was the early understanding of static electricity shocks?
- 📝 What was a "census" (some sort of compensation) in early medieval Europe?
- 📝 Was Classic Mayan civilization really so gruesome?
- 📝 What was it like to have type 1 diabetes in the early 20th century?
- 📝 Was the Minoan civilization warlike?
- 📝 Was there self-censorship in private correspondence in the early 19th Century?
- 📝 When did we figure out that Venus was too hot for humans?
- 📝 Was Rome exporting its trash to Egypt as an early example of recycling?
- 📝 How big was the kapa trade out of Hawaii?
- 📝 Was it widespread practice to grant freedom to slaves in early Roman Empire?
- 📝 What was the voting mechanism in early elections to the Commons?
- 📝 Was reincarnation part of the early Christian church?
- 📝 What was the typical range of travel of a Pennsylvanian resident for everyday life in the late 18th early 19th Century Pennsylvania?
- 📝 What alloy was used in early steam turbines? (1900 - 1930)
- 📝 How common was gun ownership by Londoners in the early 20th century?
- 📝 How did people 'park' their horse and buggy in early 20th century cities? How was theft prevented?