What were the Government Press Prosecutions of 1858 and why did they occur?
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In the late part of 1858, Count Charles Montalembert of France was put on trial and prosecuted by the French government for writing an article titled "A Debate on India in the English Parliament". The French government took the position that certain passages of this article were "seditious and an outrage upon the existing Government" of France. (This link will take you to a book that provides a full accounting of the actual trial.)
This trial was rather infamous at the time and was a key example of Press Laws that were being put into place in an attempt to stifle the press and limit what could be printed. Basically, these laws undermined the concept of the freedom of the press and restricted the press from printing whatever they deemed printworthy, and more specifically, anything that might criticize the government.
The punishment for crimes such as this basically amounted to exile. The person found guilty was kicked out of the country and not permitted to retain their citizenship. Montalembert had apparently expected to be found guilty, and therefore had begun planning his new and future residency to take place in England.
Upvote:3
Drennon's answer is incorrect. Montalembert's writings had nothing to do with Tyrannicide. Indeed, the draft of "On Liberty" was completed before John Stuart Mill's wife died (3 Nov 1858) and she died before the Montalembert trial even started.
John Stuart Mill's reference is to two trials that took place back-to-back in England in 1858. Paraphrasing from the legal accounts:
Queen versus Truelove. Indictment found at the Central Criminal Court and removed into the Court of Queen's Bench by certiorari, for publishing a libel on His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, and for inciting to assassination. Tried June 1858. Verdict: not guilty.
Queen versus Tchorzewski. In the Court of the Queen's Bench, Stanislaus Tchorzewski, a bookseller of Green Street, was charged on an indictment for publishing a pamphlet entitled “Lettre au Parlement et à la Presse” and signed “ Le Comité de la Commune Révolutionnaire, Félix Pyat, A. Besson, Alfred Talandier,” justifying the Orsini assassination attempt, and inciting to the assassination of the Emperor of the French. Verdict: not guilty.
The Orsini plot was a conspiracy to assassinate the Emperor of France in January of 1858.
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