What determined which companies went to which post-Soviet republics after the fall of the Soviet Union as everything was centralized in Moscow?
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Corporations and plants were divided between republics according to their geographical location. Under Soviet Union they were in some sense "controlled by Moscow government" but not directly. Republics also had their governments and control organs. Each republic had its own supreme control organ called (republican) Gosplan, and ministries for various branches of industry. And there was also central all-union Gosplan in Moscow. Some enterprises (a minority) were controlled from Moscow directly, but most by republican governments. But there was no question to whom a specific plant belongs after separation: the plants went to the republics where they were located. Control organs had to be reorganized, and in many republics, many plants were privatized.
Several facilities on the territories of former soviet republics were leased to Russia, for example the space launch site in Kazakhstan (Baikonur), and the naval base in Ukraine (Sevastopol).
Added remark. There was no such thing as a "corporation" in Soviet Union. There were plants (factories), and "manufacturing unions" which combined
several plants or factories. A plant or a union was immediately controlled by its director. The main goal of a plant or a union was not making profit, but fulfilling the "state plan". These plans were designed by the Federal or republican Gosplan. Other governance was performed by the federal or republican ministries.
The planners decided how many of widgets of each kind have to me made,
and where, and a special government committee in Moscow called Goskomcen established prices for them.
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