What statuses did Black Africans have in the court and royal family of Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen and do their descendants survive?
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In any large population there are likely to be a small proportion of people with highly exotic ancestry, being descended from people who lived far away a relatively short number of generations earlier.
In ancient times, and much the same as today, the people who lived in north Africa were similar to the people who lived in west Asia or in south Europe, being considered members of the Mediterranean race or of the Mediterranean group of the white race, depending on what racial classification one uses.
The largely uninhabited Sahara desert was a great barrier between north Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa where more or less "black" people come from. And there is a great variety among Sub-Saharan Africans. If I remember correctly, the Khoikhoi or Hottentots may be more different from other human groups than any other two human groups might be from each other.
But of course the Sahara was not a perfect barrier for travel. There was occasional travel by ship to west Africa, and by ship to east Africa. People could travel along the Nile from north Africa to Sub-Saharan Africa and vice versa. And there would have been some travel across the Sahara from one side to the other, even in ancient times.
So there has always been at least a tiny little bit of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in Europe and Asia, and at least a tiny little bit of European and Asian ancestry in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Saint Maurice supposedly was the leader of the Theban Legion and martyred by Maximian who reigned 286 to 305. It is likely that if St. Maurice existed he would have looked more like an Egyptian than like a "black" African.
Emperor Frederick II definitely employed Sicilian Muslims; After a Muslim revolt he moved many Muslims from Sicily to the city of Lucera in southern Italy. And it is possible that Frederick II employed "black" Africans from south of the Sahara. Frederick spent most of his reign in Italy but did visit Germany several times.
As for the possibly biracial ancestry of Queen Sophia Charlotte, she had a number of siblings. Possibly she inherited more "black" genes from her two parents than any of her siblings did. But who would both of her parents inherit "black" genes from?
Alessandro de'Medici (1510-1537) Duke of Florence, had two illegitimate children. Alessandro was called "the Moor" because of his dark looks, and his mother may have been a servant woman of African descent. Alessandro has descendants to this day, but I don't know of any among the mostly German protestant ancestors of Queen Sophie Charlotte.
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/secret/famous/medici.html1
Wikipedia says that it has been suggested that Sophia Charlotte could have inherited "black" traits from Madragana, a possibly black mistress of King Alfonso III of Portugal, 15 generations earlier.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz#Claims_of_African_ancestry2
Anyway, according to Medieval Lands, the mistress of King Alfonso III who was the ancestress of the Sousas had a Christian name, not a Muslim name. So I don't know what to think about that. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/PORTUGAL.htm#MartimAffonsoSousaChicorrodied1299A3
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