What were the “passports” that diplomats requested when declaring war?
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Accepted answer
Until recently (by historical standards, anyway) a passport or passports was just another term for safe-conduct papers. Oftentimes it was just a sheet of paper written, signed and stamped by someone in authority, saying that such-and-such (sometimes just "the bearer of this") could pass through some kind of check-point. Now and then a plus-one would be mentioned.
In the second act of Giacomo Puccini's Tosca, the provisional governor of Rome, Scarpia, issues one to the title character. The paper mentions "Floria Tosca and the gentleman accompanying her."
When Richard Wagner, the composer, wished to leave Riga (part of the Russian Empire at the time) where he had lived and worked for a couple of years, he visited the city's governor, asking him to write him and his wife a passport. The governor turned him down, saying he will do no such thing until every single one of Wagner's debts was paid off.
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