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What means the fall of Roman Empire for a peasant? It means not only insecurity and lack of safety, that was given by the Empire in the past. It also means that nobody collect taxes, because the bureocracy is no longer there for it.
How a band of barbarians take ownership of the land taken from the Empire? Since they don't have the bureocracy (most of them are illiterate), they divide the land among their people, leaving the former roman peasants under the jurisdiction of the new lords. This is how feudalism begins, is a way to control the territory without a bureocracy or a centralized state.
Once a monarch is able to have effective control over the territory, feudalism retreats.