When did Dei gratia/fidi defensor first appear on British coins?
score:11
On British coinage:
The title Fidei Defensor abbreviated to F.D. (Defender of the Faith) occurs for the first time on the British coinage under George I.
The earliest example is from the very beginning of his reign, in 1714.
"1 Guinea - George I 1st portrait". Source: Numista
The inscription appears frequently on coins from here on. For example, a 1722 silver shilling reads (obverse):
GEORGIVS D G M BR FR ET HIB REX F D (translation: George I by the Grace of God King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith).
Image source: 1722 Great Britain Silver Shilling Coin George I, ebay
However, not all coins during his reign bore this inscription: see this 1722 farthing, for example.
The terms "dei gratia" or "gratia dei" (followed by "rex") on coins can be dated back much earlier, to Anglo-Saxon times. For example, it was used by Coenwulf of Mercia (reigned 796 to 821). It was also used by the Normans and their successors, though not on all coins.
Note
A paragraph in the Wikipedia page for King James VI & I is somewhat poorly phrased in that it implies James used Defender of the Faith on coins. However, the sources cited (Willson 1967 and Croft 2003) do not say that; rather, they are referring to the use of the title King of Great Brittaine (which was controversial). Nor can I find any James VI or I coins with D.F..
More post
- 📝 Why was Folke Bernadotte assassinated by Zionist Jews, when he had helped many Jews to escape holocaust?
- 📝 Did Stalin prevent the partitioning of Bulgaria by the western Allies after WW2?
- 📝 What would the Wikipedia page for Spain have said in 1490?
- 📝 Why are the German and French languages so different?
- 📝 What happened to aircraft if their aircraft carrier was damaged?
- 📝 When was the first known international call between two heads of state or government?
- 📝 How did people in the desert stay cool in the past?
- 📝 Who were the Catholic popes before Francis I who used names not of Latin, Greek or Jewish origin?
- 📝 How far did climate affect civilisation development in the Americas?
- 📝 Were the Quebecois ever considered higher-class because they spoke French?
- 📝 What is the origin of Rap?
- 📝 Why were Roman dice elongated?
- 📝 How can I authenticate this presumably ancient Narino/Carchi pedestal bowl?
- 📝 Did Britain send convicts to Canada during the colonial era?
- 📝 Are there known completely sealed chambers in Egyptian pyramids?
- 📝 The role of science in enabling the survival of civilisations
- 📝 What was the age of majority in England in the 1870s?
- 📝 Why wasn't Angelica Schuyler in danger in London despite supporting revolution?
- 📝 What are the text and subtext of this 1949 Soviet cartoon?
- 📝 What was done to prevent electoral fraud in Texas following the controversial 1948 election?
- 📝 What (primary) sources are there on the life of female slaves in Classical Greece, more specifically Athens?
- 📝 Why are scientific and medical training so different?
- 📝 Have any kings ever been serving admirals?
- 📝 Did migrating people ever maintain contact across the Bering Strait?
- 📝 Relation between Afroamerican religions and colonial metropoles?
- 📝 What is this pin?
- 📝 Have the Arabs ever conquered Kayseri?
- 📝 What was the role of the mountain ranges surrounding India in developing India's civilization?
- 📝 What do the knight figures in the Kehlsteinhaus fireplace symbolize?
- 📝 Is Wikipedia's identification of Lebed an error?
Source: stackoverflow.com
Search Posts
Related post
- 📝 When did Dei gratia/fidi defensor first appear on British coins?
- 📝 When did wheel-mounted water-carrying fire-fighting machines first appear in Japan?
- 📝 When did springs first appear in or below vehicle seats?
- 📝 When did the term "Nationality" first come into use? How did ancient civilizations refer to themselves? By ethnicity?
- 📝 How did people react to Cavendish bananas when they first replaced the Gros Michel strain?
- 📝 When and where were the first coins made showing the currency or a face value?
- 📝 When did books first become affordable to the general population?
- 📝 When did the British monarch become an emperor?
- 📝 When did the First Barbary War start?
- 📝 When did steel first appear?
- 📝 When did podium girls first appear?
- 📝 When did passenger ships first have an on board duty-free shop?
- 📝 When did scientists first postulate that Earth's atmosphere might have an upper limit?
- 📝 When did Soviet authorities first plan/conceive of migrating their industry if war broke out?
- 📝 When in September 1939 did the British diplomatic mission leave Warsaw?
- 📝 When did key locks first appear?
- 📝 When did the first riots between Hindus and Muslims happen in India?
- 📝 When did the first organ transplant operation occur?
- 📝 When did western doctors first start predicting prenatal diseases and disabilities?
- 📝 When and where did people first start wearing underpants?
- 📝 When and why did round coins become a practical standard?
- 📝 When did people first try to limit which weapons could be used in war?
- 📝 When did furniture become common in the homes of most people in the British Isles?
- 📝 When did leaf springs appear in vehicles?
- 📝 When did Europeans make their first well-attested visit to mainland Alaska?
- 📝 When did people first recognize the estimate sizes/scales and nature of celestial bodies?
- 📝 When did pilots experience blackouts and redouts for the first time?
- 📝 When and how did classical mythology subjects start to appear in art in medieval/Renaissance Europe?
- 📝 When was acne first recorded in human history and how did it develop?
- 📝 When did Japan and the Three Kingdoms of Korea first meet?