By which year did smiths achieve the ability to handle metal in an exact way that's necessary for the printing press?
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Gutenberg himself developed the hand mould needed to (quickly) cast the letters of a uniform size for the movable type. That would have been around 1440. These letters were then inserted into the "screw presses" in use at the time. His new method would have been, as we now say, "hot off the presses" (pun intended).
Gutenberg had not been the developer of "movable" type. But he did design the mechanism for making the letters fit neatly into a "matrix" for printing, making the typesetting process much easier.
Gutenberg's invention also ensured that the letters could be imprinted on paper or cloth by inserting an inked surface between them. (Previously, the inking had to be applied to the letters themselves, a much clumsier method of printing.) But the screw presses he used were based on much earlier (first century A.D.) designs developed by the Romans for wine and olive oil pressing.
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