Why were the Istein and Schliengen enclaves transferred from Switzerland to Baden?
Upvote:3
It is just that: "to simplify the map". Or more precise one of the examples of the German mediatization.
But with the small twist that the prime arbiter of this was Napoleon. He acquired German lands left of the Rhine for France. That was of course not very popular with German princes that lost possessions there. But then this was also painted as a modernisation: Napoleon championing secularisation in general.
That means that clerical estates were dissolved, and the lands 'liberated' from churchly rule were given to princes who lost territory left of the Rhine. This resulted often in quite some gains for most and did simplify the map considerably. Loosing far away lands but adding territory next to one's own base was seen as 'nice'. Therefore all those states left after this process were very enthusiastic of these changes, and became supporters of Napoleon from that alone, among other reasons, and at least for a while for some, and even into those times of hardship for Napoleon when military fortune had left him. Of course, those clerical 'princes' were not enthusiastic of loosing sovereignty and they were joined by all those smallish fiefdoms, counties and whatnots that lost in this game of lands. Even small secular sovereignties were 'secularised' that is joined by force into other territorial organisations. But the bigger players emphasised order and tradition on the one side, and paid France (or individuals) large sums of money to get results in their favour.
Istein and Schliengen were both part of the Prince-Bishopric of Basel and therefore up for grabs. Napoleon exerted force upon the Prince of Baden to act in that manner and the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss formalised and finalised the results.
All these colourful territories were used to compensate individual princes for left-rhenish losses and for pro-napoleonic behaviour in general:
When war broke out between the French First Republic and the Habsburg Monarchy in 1792, the Margraviate of Baden fought for the House of Habsburg. However, their country was devastated as a result, and in 1796 the Margrave was compelled to pay an indemnity and to cede his territories on the left bank of the Rhine to the French First Republic. Fortune, however, soon turned his way. With the German Mediatisation of 1803, and largely owing to the good offices of Alexander I of Russia, Charles Frederick received the Bishopric of Constance, part of the Electorate of the Palatinate, and other smaller districts, together with the prestige of being named a Prince-elector. In 1805 he changed sides and fought for Napoleon. As a result, later in 1805, when the Peace of Pressburg occurred, he obtained Breisgau and other territories at the expense of the Austrian Empire (see Further Austria). In 1806, the Electorate of Baden signed the Rheinbundakte, joining the Confederation of the Rhine. Upon the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, Charles Frederick declared sovereignty and thus created the Grand Duchy of Baden, receiving other territorial additions as well.
WP: Electorate of Baden
While a 'map simplification' is a useful way to describe the process, it was not done from a neutral standpoint and not with total disregard for established borders and tradition. The prime driving force in this were the geo-strategic interests of France and the power grabbing wants of bigger and medium states within the German empire. Schaffhausen for example was part of the old Helvetian confederacy, just a little strip of land connected to the rest of that entity, not clerical, and almost consequently not much changed by the processes Napoleon kicked off.
The map in that area was greatly simplified. If you compare three maps from before (1789), during (1808) and after (1815):
From a fairly far away bird's eye, there are virtually no exclaves in that territory. Time for a closer look (1771 vs 1846 (map section) vs 1944)?
>
>
After Napoleon rushed through, there were hardly any enclaves or exclaves left in what is now France, Switzerland and Baden-Württemberg. 'Naturally' no border solution is ever perfect. But in that corner of the empire it went from 'totally messy' to 'a few anomalies'.
More post
- 📝 Did Serb nationalism play an outsized role in the breakup of Yugoslavia?
- 📝 Are there recorded incidents of the Gentlemen Pensioners protecting the monarch in the 16th century?
- 📝 Why does the US use MM/DD/YY?
- 📝 Are tech workers in the Siberian city of Tomsk really "descendants of those sent to the gulags"?
- 📝 Was Fredrick the Great considered a strong military leader or was it all because of the superior officers that came out of Prussia at the time?
- 📝 Did migrating people ever maintain contact across the Bering Strait?
- 📝 Why could George Washington and the revolutionaries not stop Governor Tryon in New York Harbor?
- 📝 What is the archaeological evidence for the Aztecs' use of entheogens?
- 📝 Was there any other Germanic person who gained an important position in The Byzantine Empire other than Emperor Tiberios III Apsimar?
- 📝 How did the the Soviet-China near-war in 1969 affect the supply of arms to North Vietnam?
- 📝 What are the top 5 bloodiest battles in terms of British casualties?
- 📝 When was the first time lower-class people had a reasonable chance of having a fair trial?
- 📝 What populations have been denied the ability to leave a territory, so that its goverment could kill them?
- 📝 If modern human existed for hundreds of thousands years why was writing invented only some 7000-9000 years ago?
- 📝 Were Cypriots able to pay their bills during the "bail in" of March 2013?
- 📝 When did the term "mirror" begin to be used in place of "looking glass?"
- 📝 Is chain mail expensive?
- 📝 Why is the Ping Yuen river in Hong Kong called River Ganges?
- 📝 Which came first, the shield or the sword?
- 📝 Can anybody identify the cap-badge and/or uniform in this image?
- 📝 Was there any theological opposition to the lightning rod?
- 📝 How is it possible to be ambushed twice at the same place?
- 📝 Earliest use of Renaissance Era innovations in Islamic countries & culture?
- 📝 Where can I read the 1966 letters opposing Stalin's rehabilitation?
- 📝 Has any country ever annexed territory of another country without physically controlling it?
- 📝 What were the native North American concepts of property rights and market exchange?
- 📝 Why did South Korea (and the UN) accept an armistice line that put Seoul in artillery range of North Korea?
- 📝 What freedoms did basic Roman citizens have?
- 📝 Who invented the aeroplane?
- 📝 Why did new religions flourish more easily in the past than they can possibly do today?
Source: stackoverflow.com
Search Posts
Related post
- 📝 Why were the Istein and Schliengen enclaves transferred from Switzerland to Baden?
- 📝 Why were gravediggers, actors and former gladiators (but not slaves) banned from the Colosseum?
- 📝 Why were Muslims in Western Thrace and Christians in Constantinople excluded from the population exchange?
- 📝 Why were Sri Lanka and Myanmar separated from India under the British Empire?
- 📝 Why were helmets and other body armour not commonplace in the 1800s?
- 📝 Why were the drawings of Colossus burnt after WW2 and why was its very existence "of course" kept secret?
- 📝 Why were British ships not of the same quality as French and Spanish ships until the latter part of the 18th century?
- 📝 Why were nomadic tribes (like the Mongols) from the Eurasian steppes a much reduced threat from the 15th century onwards?
- 📝 Why were the Irish exempt from conscription during WWI?
- 📝 Why were the Germans and Russians so fixated on an unlikely "separate peace" in 1945?
- 📝 Why did Canada, Australia and New Zealand separate from the UK?
- 📝 Why were people from the Asian Steppes able to militarily dominate Europeans on a repeated basis?
- 📝 Were bookshops 'common' in the late 19th century, and how did they differ from modern ones?
- 📝 Why were women excluded from the succession line in the Meiji constitution?
- 📝 What were the thoughts of the Celts, Romans and other ancient European people about the standing stones which survive from prehistoric times?
- 📝 Why did the states that were born out of the Louisiana purchase adopt a common law system, and not a civil law system?
- 📝 Why and how were east Brandenburg, Pomerania and Silesia taken away from Germany after WW2?
- 📝 Why were schoolchildren in the USA taught virtually nothing about the Holocaust during the fifties and sixties?
- 📝 Why were the Prague Spring leaders treated more leniently than Nagy and his colleagues?
- 📝 How and why did Polish rule over the Ukraine "downwardly deviate" from Lithuanian rule?
- 📝 Did anyone warn about the potential for stock market crashes in 1929, and if so why were their warnings ignored?
- 📝 Why did Japan not withdraw from China as its pacific front was crumbling and the threat of US invasion imminent?
- 📝 How were the Morisco refugees from Europe received in North Africa, given that they were foreigners and Christian?
- 📝 What were the Government Press Prosecutions of 1858 and why did they occur?
- 📝 Why were the ship names "Scharnhorst" and "Gneisenau" used together?
- 📝 Were taxes from senatorial provinces and imperial provinces sent to their respective treasuries in the Roman Empire? (Under the rule of Augustus)
- 📝 Why did the Nazis guillotine criminals but mostly hang political enemies, and why were the White Rose group an exception?
- 📝 Why did antique guns and swords from the Franco-Prussian War make part of the demilitarization program to which Germany was subjected?
- 📝 What were the major imports and exports of Germany and France from 1850-1915?
- 📝 What were the advantages and disadvantages to the creation of Vichy France, from the Nazi point of view?