Why were Muslims in Western Thrace and Christians in Constantinople excluded from the population exchange?
Upvote:9
Not a full answer, but I expect it to be useful until a better one shows up.
Most of Greeks expelled from Turkey weren't expelled after the exchange was accorded but they were already in Greece (according to Wikipedia, that cites an article I can't read), as they had fled during World War I and the Greco-Turkish War. The Greco-Turkish war had been dotted with a lot of atrocities and ethnic massacres and fleeing of refugees, which means that Greeks were expelled as the Turks won the war.
The only part of Turkey that was out of the war and out of reach of the Turkish National Movement was Constantinople and the Straits area, which was occupied by the Allies until 1923.
By 1923 the war was over and the Allies accepted withdrawing from Constantinople. At that point, both the strategic reason and the momentum to immediately expel the Greek inhabitants of Constantinople weren't present. In fact, the perspective of Greeks being expelled from Constantinople as soon as the Allies would withdraw wouldn't help in the negotiation for that withdrawal, specially since they were still a large minority and the atrocities in the war were internationally well known.
In summary, Constantinople Greeks weren't included in the population exchange because they hadn't been expelled because they had been somehow shielded from the Greco-Turkish war by Allied occupation of the Straits.
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